How does the internet work

1.What is the internet?
The internet is a global network of computers each computer connected to the internet work.
The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks, of local to global scope, that are linked by a broad array of electronic and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries a vast range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hupertext documents of the World Wide Web(WWW) and the infrastructure to support electronic mail.
sources
2.What is internet protocol?(IP Address)
Every machine on the Internet has a unique identifying number , called an IP Address.The IP stands for Internet Protocol, which is the language that computers use to communicate over the Internet.
The Internet Protocol (IP) is the method or protocol by which data is sent from one computer to another on the Internet. Each computer (known as a host) on the Internet has at least one IP address that uniquely identifies it from all other computers on the Internet. When you send or receive data (for example, an e-mail note or a Web page), the message gets divided into little chunks called packets. Each of these packets contains both the sender's Internet address and the receiver's address. Any packet is sent first to a gateway computer that understands a small part of the Internet. The gateway computer reads the destination address and forwards the packet to an adjacent gateway that in turn reads the destination address and so forth across the Internet until one gateway recognizes the packet as belonging to a computer within its immediate neighborhood or domain. That gateway then forwards the packet directly to the computer whose address is specified.
sources
3.What is the OSL Model? Communication standarde 1 layer
The standard model for networking protocols and distributed applications is the International Standard Organization's Open System Interconnect (ISO/OSI) model. It defines seven network layers.
Layer 1 - Physical
Layer 2 - Data Link
Layer 3 - Network
Layer 4 - Transport
Layer 5 - Session
Layer 6 - Presentation
Layer 7 - Application
sources
4.What is internet infrastructure?
Internet infrastructure is a collective term for all hardware and software systems that constitute essential components in the operation of the Internet.
Physical transmission lines of all types, such as wired, fiber optic and microwave links, along with routing equipment, the accompanying critical software services like the Domain Name System (DNS), Email, website hosting, authentication and authorization, storage systems, and database servers are considered critical Internet components[1][2]. If any of these systems and services were to be interrupted for a significant period of time "[t]he Internet...as we know it would collapse
5.What is do main names?
A domain name is an identification label that defines a realm of administrative autonomy, authority, or control on the Internet, based on the Domain Name System (DNS).
Domain names are used in various networking contexts and application-specific naming and addressing purposes. They are organized in subordinate levels (subdomains) of the DNS root domain, which is nameless. The first-level set of domain names are the top-level domains (TLDs), including the generic top-level domains (gTLDs), such as the prominent domains com, net and org, and the country code top-level domains (ccTLDs). Below these top-level domains in the DNS hierarchy are the second-level and third-level domain names that are typically open for reservation by end-users that wish to connect local area networks to the Internet, run web sites, or create other publicly accessible Internet resources. The registration of these domain names is usually administered by domain name registrars who sell their services to the public.
6.What is world wide web? and its services?
The World Wide Web, abbreviated as WWW and commonly known as the Web, is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. With a web browser, one can view web pages that may contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia and navigate between them by using hyperlinks. Using concepts from earlier hypertext systems, English engineer and computer scientist Sir Tim Berners-Lee, now the Director of the World Wide Web Consortium, wrote a proposal in March 1989 for what would eventually become the World Wide Web.[1] At CERN in Geneva, Switzerland, Berners-Lee and Belgian computer scientist Robert Cailliau proposed in 1990 to use "HyperText [...] to link and access information of various kinds as a web of nodes in which the user can browse at will",[2] and publicly introduced the project in December.[3]
"The World-Wide Web (W3) was developed to be a pool of human knowledge, and human culture, which would allow collaborators in remote sites to share their ideas and all aspects of a common project."
sources
7.How many internet users in Thailand?
maybe there are 60% internet users in thailand。

Thai-China high speed train

Topic: Thailand-China high-speed train

Summary:
High-speed rail (HSR) is a type of passenger rail transport that operates significantly faster than the normal speed of rail traffic. Specific definitions by the European Union include 200 km/h (120 mph) for upgraded track and 250 km/h (160 mph) or faster for new track. In Japan, Shinkansen lines run at speeds in excess of 260 km/h (160 mph) and are built using standard gauge track with no at-grade crossings. In China, high-speed conventional rail lines operate at top speeds of 350 km/h (220 mph and one maglev line reaches speeds of 431 km/h (268 mph). The world record for conventional high-speed rail is held by SNCF's TGV which clocked 574.8 km/h (357.2 mph) on a test run.
While high-speed rail is usually designed for passenger travel, some high-speed systems also carry some kind of freight service. For instance, the French mail service La Poste owns a few special TGV trains for carrying postal freight.
For the Thai-China high speed train: China has agreed to invest in Thailand’s first high-speed railway, which was part of the talks between the two countries during Thailand’s Deputy Prime Minister’s visit to China on July 16-23. Thailand’s Deputy Prime Minister Suthep Thaugsuban Wednesday reported to Thai Cabinet that China will provide investment, technology and management support for the 240-kilometre railway line from Bangkok to province of Rayong, the country’s official MCOT news agency reported.
Suthep also disclosed that the two countries may also cooperate in railway projects at the Thai-Lao border of Thailand’s Nong Khai province to Laos and China. The line is expected to also link southern Thailand to Malaysia.
He praised the quality of China’s high-speed railway system, adding that Chinese technology for high-speed trains is highly advanced. China has said it would promote Thailand as a tourist destination among Chinese. It will as well consider buying more rice from Thailand, while adding the rail link development will provide convenience of people in the region to travel and enhance a better logistics and transport system.
The Chinese mainland’s length of high-speed railways in operation has now reached 6,900 kilometers, ranking first in the world, and the length of high-speed railways under construction has reached 10,000-plus kilometers, according to the “Seventh World High-speed Railway Conference” held by the Ministry of Railways on July 28.
The high-speed railway lines, including the Beijing-Tianjin, Wuhan-Guangzhou, Zhengzhou-Xi’an and Shanghai-Nanjing lines, are all in operation and running at speeds of 350 kilometers an hour, making them the fastest in the world.
According to the plan and current construction progress, the total length of high-speed railways in China will exceed 13,000 kilometers by 2012 and will exceed 16,000 kilometers by 2020.
Conclusions:
Thailand and China are going to repair high-speed railway between the two countries.



source 1
source 2
source 3

online catalog and databases

1.Can you identify the library website, OPAC,library database?

library website : sources

libraty database can be bibliographic or full text



2.list 5 PDF of articles you search from Google?

1. World Bank Document http://econ.tu.ac.th/class/archan/RANGSUN/EC%20460/EC%20460%20Readings/Global%20Issues/Food%20Crisis/Food%20Price/A%20Note%20on%20Rising%20Food%20Price.pdf


2. Food Brochure http://www.boi.go.th/english/why/Food.pdf


3. Food Additives http://newsser.fda.moph.go.th/food/file/Publics/Projects/02The%20first%20Workshop%20on%20FAST%20project/03Wednesday,4%20April.pdf


4. Time Management for Creative People http://wishful.fileburst.com/creativetime.pdf


5. Time Capsule Setup Guide http://manuals.info.apple.com/en/TimeCapsule_SetupGuide.pdf

3. what is "an Abstract"?

You may write an abstract for various reasons. The two most important are selection and indexing. Abstracts allow readers who may be interested in a longer work to quickly decide whether it is worth their time to read it. Also, many online databases use abstracts to index larger works. Therefore, abstracts should contain keywords and phrases that allow for easy searching.

sources

4.what is "a full-text article"?

A full-text database is a compilation of documents or other information in the form of a database in which the complete text of each referenced document is available for online viewing, printing, or downloading. In addition to text documents, images are often included, such as graphs, maps, photos, and diagrams. A full-text database is searchable by keyword, phrase, or both.
When an item in a full-text database is viewed, it may appear in ASCII format (as a text file with the .txt extension), as a word-processed file (requiring a program such as Microsoft Word), as an PDF) file. When a document appears as a PDF file, it is usually a scanned hardcopy of the original article, chapter, or book.
Full-text databases are used by college and university libraries as a convenience to their students and staff. Full-text databases are ideally suited to online courses of study, where the student remains at home and obtains course materials by downloading them from the Internet. Access to these databases is normally restricted to registered personnel or to people who pay a specified fee per viewed item. Full-text databases are also used by some corporations, law offices, and government agencies. (In the United States, the Internal Revenue Service and most state departments of revenue are good examples.)

sources

5. what is your search technique(s) when you're doing your homework or assignment

I use google,it is very useful!

Reference Sources

1.What is the reference collection?

The reference collection is a collection of sources in print and electronic from intended to be referred to rather than read.

2.The difference between general book and reference book.
reference book or reference-only book in a library is one that may only be used in the library and not borrowed from the library. Many such books are reference works (in the first sense) which are usually used only briefly or photocopied from, and therefore do not need to be borrowed. Keeping them in the library assures that they will always be available for use on demand. Other reference-only books are ones that are too valuable to permit borrowers to take them out. Reference-only items may be shelved in a reference collection located separately from circulating items or individual reference-only items may be shelved among items available for borrowing.

The general book is the book that we usually see.It's easy to understand.
3.Summarize the information you got from SPU Library.

The production diesel car history started in 1936 when the Mercedes-Benz 260D and the Hanomag Rekord were introduced in 1936. The Citroën Rosalie was also produced between 1935 and 1937 with an extremely rare diesel engine option (the 1766 cc 11UD engine) only in the Familiale (estate or station wagon) version.[1]

Immediately after World War II, and throughout the 1950s and 1960s, diesel-powered cars began to gain limited popularity, particularly for commercial applications, such as ambulances, taxis, and station wagons used for delivery work. Most were conventional in design. Mercedes-Benz offered a continuous stream of diesel-powered taxis, beginning in 1949 with their 170D powered by the OM-636 engine. Later, in 1959 their OM-621 engine was introduced in the 180D This 2.0L engine produced 55 hp (41 kW) at 4350 rpm. Beginning in 1959, Peugeot offered the 403D with their TMD-85 four-cylinder engine of 1.8L and 48 hp (36 kW), followed in 1962 by the 404D with the same engine. In 1964, the 404D became available with the improved XD88 four-cylinder engine of 2.0L and 60 hp (45 kW). Other cars available with diesel power during this era included the Austin A60 Cambridge, Isuzu Bellel, Fiat 1400-A, Standard Vanguard, Borgward Hansa, and a few others.

In 1967, Peugeot introduced the world's first compact, high-speed diesel car, the Peugeot 204BD. Its 1.3L XL4D engine produced 46 horsepower (34 kW) at 5,000 rpm. Following the 1970s oil crisis, Volkswagen introduced their first diesel, the VW Golf, with a 1.5L naturally aspirated IDI engine. This was a redesign (dieselised) version of a petrol engine. Mercedes-Benz tested turbodiesels in cars tested (e. g. by the Mercedes-Benz C111 experimental and record-setting vehicles). The first production turbo diesel cars were, in 1978, the 3.0 5-cylinder 115 hp (86 kW) Mercedes 300 SD, available only in North America, and the Peugeot 604.

The biggest single step forward for mass-market diesel cars came in 1982 when Peugeot introduced the XUD engine in the Peugeot 305, Peugeot 205 and Talbot Horizon. This was the class leading automotive diesel engine until the mid 1990s.[citation needed] The first mass market turbo diesel was the XUD powered, 1988 Citroen BX and then the 1989 Peugeot 405, they gave power and refinement approaching petrol engine standards, with the best chassis in their class.[original research?] These were the cars that started the diesel boom in Europe that has now hit 40% of the market in new car sales.[citation needed]
4.Were can you find information about Nobel Prize ? Who get the Nobel Prize this year?
The website is sources
Josiah Willard Gibbs is the one of the person who get the Nobel Prize in 2009

5.When do you need to search information from the reference collection?
When I met some of problems or need some datailed answers, I will search information from the reference collection.

6. What type of reference collection that you like to use most? And why?

I like use the dictionary because it convenient,fast,easy to understand and a wide range of.



Dictionary----dictionaries are used to find the meaning of words , their origin , their pronunciation and grammatical context.

Encyclopaedias----are used to find a summary on a subject or to find information about people and organizations.

Yearbooks,Handbooks and Manuals----These contain miscellaneous facts and statistics on a variety of topics.

Geographical Sources----These provide information about places and geographical features.

Libraries

1.Why the library is important for the learning process?
The library is a place that collection many information ,it can help you to find anything what you want to find . Of course , you can read some books and other things to improve your learning process.Library is a collection information, sources, resources, services and in the more traditional sense it is a collection of books.

People use libraries for many reasons. A few of them are as follows:

• Library is a quiet place to sit and learn.
• Library offers books, audio & video material, researches, manuals etc at one place. So it is easy to find all the information on any subject.
• You can got material which you can't afford to purchase yourself.

2.My experience in using a library
When I'm in china ,I usually go to the school library to find some book for my subject like history book, laws book , science book and so on.
But I always use the web to find my answers for the questions.
3.Search 5 books , 5 journals and 5 online databases from http://library.spu.ac.th(Identify title and call number)
books:

1. title:tales to enjoy call number:PE 1117 M37T 1986
2. title:The livelong day call number:PE 1128 M37L 1980
3. title:The low countries call number:HN 49.C6 R32L 1970
   
4. title:The Dominican republic call number:D 16.2 W52D 1969
5. title:A short history of Germany 1815-1945 call number:DD 17 P37S 1959

database

• EBSCO A to Z
• ACM Digital Library
• IEEE
• Westlaw
• Knowledge Bank

journals

1. The 100 Show : the nineteenth annual of the American Center for Design.
2. 2G Revista Intemacional de Arquitectura International Architecture Review
3. AD:l'arte dell'abitare
4. Advanced Thailand Geographic /
5. AA Files Architectural Association

Information Skills

Information lliterary skills

1.What is information literacy?
Information literacy is the set of skills needed to find, retrieve,analyze,and use information.Information literacy skill is a learning process.Information literacy skills are skills you will need through your life. We are always seeking information. What car or stereo should I buy? Which college should I choose? Which book should I read next? How can I sell this idea to my boss? How can I convince the school board to act on my proposal? Information helps us reach conclusions, make our choices, and communicate more effectively. But the good stuff is often buried in heaps of junk. We need to continue to improve our searching, evaluating and communication skills in a changing information environment.
1. Defining your problem and asking the good questions
2. Information seeking strategies?
3. Selecting and evaluating your resources
4. Organizing and restructuring information
5. Communicating the results of your research
6. Evaluating your work
sources

2.What is the information skills
1.find information in a variety of formats ' eg print, online
2.find information from a variety of sources ' eg people , library,media ,bussiness
3.find information within sources ' eg using an index, map key.software menu

3.Information process
Information processing is the change (processing) of information in any manner detectable by an observer. As such, it is a process which describes everything which happens (changes) in the universe, from the falling of a rock (a change in position) to the printing of a text file from a digital computer system. In the latter case, an information processor is changing the form of presentation of that text file. Information processing may more specifically be defined in terms used by Claude E. Shannon as the conversion of latent information into manifest information[citation needed]. Latent and manifest information is defined through the terms of equivocation (remaining uncertainty, what value the sender has actually chosen), dissipation (uncertainty of the sender what the receiver has actually received) and transformation (saved effort of questioning - equivocation minus dissipation)[citation needed].



sources

Exercise 1

1.What is information?
Information is knowledge derived from data. Information consists of data , images , text , documents and sound. Information is anything that we see ,we hear, we know and we talk.
In the books and papers on brain science, cognitive science, etc., one of the most frequently used terms is information. We are told that brains and their various subunits — down to the level of a single neuron — process information, store it, retrieve it, transmit it, etc. They do, indeed. The point, however, is that we are not told what information is.

Perhaps information is meant to be understood in the sense first given by C. Shannon? If so, it would be a huge misunderstanding for at least two reasons. First, his approach is entirely content-neutral. It concerns only technical/economical, quantitative problems of data transmission and communication. Brain activity, on the other hand, is concerned with regulation and control, where the content of information matters a lot. Furthermore, since according to Shannon's approach information is what reduces uncertainty, the whole idea presupposes such things as knowledge of a priori probabilities — a requirement which can hardly be attributed to, say, frogs and butterflies. It can serve well the purposes of mathematicians and engineers dealing with well-specified communication problems, but it is useless with regard to the systems which must cope with varieties of environmental stimuli.

I suppose that what is taken for granted here is a commonsense, mentalistic connotation: information is thought to be a piece of knowledge. If this is the assumption being made, we must either flatly reject it because of its strong anthropocentric bias, or we must treat it figuratively, as a conventional term of art with no objective counterpart in reality.

Consider the genetic code, for example. We are often told that genes contain information on all phenotypic properties, as if genes were a kind of blueprint. The cells themselves do not of course "know" that their aggregated activity will in some distant future lead to definite phenomenal properties. In no phase of the processes involved is "information" concerning these phenomenal properties available to the genes or cells. It is we who know that such a relationship obtains. Now, if any information at all is to be available to the cells, it must be something which determines their activity. And a future state of affairs cannot, of course, do that; that would be sheer teleology.

My thesis is that "information" is — epistemologically — a realist category: what I call information is something "out there" in the objective reality, not just a useful term of art residing in the investigator's mind only. It has no mass, energy, or spatial extension, it cannot be seen, touched, or smelled. Nevertheless it is a distinct, objective entity.

source

2.Users of information?
There are many kinds of information users in the modern world . not just personal users. They include users in:
business and industry
education
research and development
entertainment

source
3.Good and poor information?
The good news is, there is a great quantity of information available. The bad news is that a lot of that information is of limited value to us as individuals. We are bombarded daily with data and information in every conceivable form. From friends, family and colleagues to television, radio, newspapers, and the Internet; we try to navigate our way through a bewildering array of pitches, suggestions, warnings, slogans, pictures, numbers, and sound bites. At some point all of this is supposed to lead to some rational conclusion about what is right for us. As individuals, it is very difficult to know what information to absorb and what to screen out.

• ACCURATE - Information that is true, verifiable and not deceptive. Accurate career information is based on empirical data and can be validated by comparing sources or checking for internal consistency.
• CURRENT - Information that is applicable to the present time. Keeping information current requires a process of eliminating the old and adding the new. While some types of information are more perishable than others, it is generally accepted that occupation and education information should be reviewed and updated annually to be current.
• RELEVANT - Relevant information applies to the interests of the individuals who use it for the decisions they are facing. It should reduce a person's uncertainties about work and education while facilitating choice and planning. Since we live and work in local labor markets rather than in national ones, the better description of local conditions, the more relevant it is to us. Therefore, state and local information is usually more valuable than national.
• SPECIFIC - For information to be specific, it must contain concrete facts. General observations are often interesting and can provide a background for further analysis, but specific facts are essential to realistic planning and decision making.
• UNDERSTANDABLE - People using information must be able to comprehend it before they can use it. Data must be analyzed and converted into words. The content of the message should avoid ambiguities and be informative to the intended audience.
• COMPREHENSIVE - The information should include all the important categories within its scope of coverage. For CIS that includes the full range of occupational opportunities, their related educational programs of study and training, and the schools that offer them as the core. Related to that is information about money for school, looking for work, employers and industries, working for yourself, and so on.
• UNBIASED - This characteristic is about the motivation or purpose for which the information is being produced and delivered. It is unbiased when the individual or organization delivering the information has no vested interest in the decisions or plans of the people who are receiving the information.
• COMPARABLE - The information presented should be of uniform collection, analysis, content, and format so that a user of the information can compare and contrast the various occupation, program of study, and school files.

source

The poor information is not useful information.